These are the best resources I've ever seen on how to study drawing. I've seen too many bad tutorials / books / courses and I hope I can help you avoid wasting time on those too. I suggest you watch everything, but how you study will depend on your goals, so only do the exercises you think are most important for you. Studying art mostly comes down to studying reference, so you can take any of these exercises and modify them for your own goals. If one guy teaches you how to draw from life, remember that you can just take the same method and use it to copy master artwork, and vice versa.
Remember that if you study, you WILL improve.
David Finch Roadmap: (Beginners should do this)
https://davidfinchart.com/where-to-start-and-where-to-go-from-there-a-roadmap-to-professional-quality-art/
(basic guide for construction and anatomy)
Corresponding video: https://youtu.be/DMmsydblf7s
David Finch Study Streams: (the most highly recommended resource here)
Frank Frazetta: https://youtu.be/ZqJ2h4Jw5nU
Claire Wendling: https://youtu.be/7ukExmlSRWU
Simon Bisley: https://youtu.be/Z2CZKX089w0
Travis Charest: https://youtu.be/ko7H8FGwks8
Carlos Pacheco: https://youtu.be/jFkqUtJ4mRM
Kevin Nowlan: https://youtu.be/ni30Hp72aeY
Joe Quesada: https://youtu.be/atXd2HbHYO8
(Making master copies and drawing from memory)
Feng Zhu sketch studies:
Sketching 101: https://youtu.be/22XYoenU-0c
Just Draw!: https://youtu.be/WLqWX7onVmU
(importance of drawing from observation regularly)
Krenz Cushart: (turn on subtitles)
https://youtu.be/kbKqIJcIUCw
https://youtu.be/dgjx6y6B_G8
(importance of accuracy and master copies)
Jason Brubaker - memory drawing system
https://youtu.be/s_NuJIJ6wGY
https://youtu.be/G8e2DcN5kAo
(He calls it cognitive drawing.)
(This is an extremely effective and organized way to apply memory drawing and iterative correction. I highly recommend you try it.)
(If you are scared of memory drawings, I highly recommend you do this. This iterative method lets you apply memory drawings in a very painless and stressfree way, because you have multiple chances to fix your mistakes.)
Naoki Saito
How to copy art: https://youtu.be/B5QetP4aa8w
Fastest way to improve: https://youtu.be/8jsZGeaWkhE
This /asg/ guide is really good:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cK9q7oeFRE58MVaSgUql662iGqCXC8Ah/view
(importance of memory drawing)
KJG memory drawing:
https://youtu.be/yx6dbybn-rk
https://youtu.be/WKbQ4TPMkFc
https://youtu.be/-RFz2yFSBVc
(memory drawing and rotating objects from imagination)
Dave Rapoza on applying studies from memory:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4tttsdhn8o&t=733s
(repetitively studying the same subject + memory drawing)
Animator Beast's gesture drawing practice
https://youtu.be/yHJXLdCVD18
https://youtu.be/7y99O3wm4Cg?t=6003
(gesture drawing with accuracy)
(Clip Studio Paint EX can handle this easily, just import an mp4 into the animation timeline.)
Kirk Shinmoto:
Master Copy: https://youtu.be/YVAtRojlCS8
Master Copy 2: https://youtu.be/cF2UtfFT7y8
Anatomy Books: https://youtu.be/9pAMqgJXcbw
(approaching master copies with construction)
Ethan Becker Dragging Art over Reference:
https://youtu.be/RXb-Y_kz2aU
(learning to draw on model)
Will Terrell on how to build a Visual Library:
https://youtu.be/pOK2sDLtu2Q
Christophe Younge Painting tutorials
https://www.youtube.com/@christopheyoungart/videos
Painting studies:
Color Studies: https://youtu.be/1d577v_XBKA
Quick color studies: https://youtu.be/CVGZf5EQQK4
Ahmed Aldoori: https://youtu.be/3YXTlF4hzaE
Noah Bradley: https://youtu.be/kQfF-P70V2Q
Simplify drawing and painting: https://www.youtube.com/@SIMPLIFYDrawingandPainting/videos
Minimaru:
Hand & Feet practice: https://youtu.be/pDCL7s8JjDY
90 sec figures: https://youtu.be/d86hKJNehI8
Basic Proportions: https://youtu.be/avcygKfCoXQ
Basic Anatomy: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMzSsN13py1hIz1Q-s49LWF-IkKna9Swv
Hide Channel:
Croquis: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTY4AtphBe8NS7WFIMIhHIBJVk3xQvi-q
Recommended books: https://youtu.be/TBqEj3tKD6o
How to practice:
https://youtu.be/tMoubXBGloU
https://youtu.be/eCtLmBShSho
1st year: https://youtu.be/QgnLM73R8oM
(turn on cc. not all are translated, but draw along anyways!)
Manga Materials:
https://www.youtube.com/@mangamaterialsyoutube9454/videos
Important Fzd videos for concept art:
Ep 106: https://youtu.be/jRq9-QEz650 (Getting a job)
Misc
(Everything below this is just miscellaneous stuff that's interesting. Not all of it is necessarily about how to make studies.)
Zapata Perspective: https://youtu.be/_9tcy2436iM
Jeff Watts on the time it takes to learn drawing: https://youtu.be/KX0MrnzBJ8M
PSG Art tutorial: http://androidarts.com/art_tut.htm
Beast Animator's streams: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcZnl-xtyEqalCVkvhWr3FH8qp41QBJqF
Dan Thompson: https://www.youtube.com/@danthompsonfineart/videos
Don't practice: https://youtu.be/bFyxnYfZw2A
pikat on copying: https://youtu.be/xnAYY2EY0mw
Rad Sechrist: https://radhowto.blogspot.com/
Natalie Nourigat
Gesture drawing: https://youtu.be/Fa9CLiGhWr4
Comics Advice:
https://homeiswheretheinternetis.blogspot.com/2015/04/advice-for-aspiring-comics-artists-14-18.html
Feature animation storyboarding advice:
https://homeiswheretheinternetis.blogspot.com/2017/09/animation.html
Joe Kubert mail order dvd course:
Pencilling: https://youtu.be/Zt_j70hzSrE
Inking: https://youtu.be/sDc1b5qNSNI
YenYen Animation lectures:
https://youtu.be/JUO3wrCnOFk
https://youtu.be/O84C_11MUXM
Figure Drawing apps:
Gesture Drawing!: https://www.artstation.com/marketplace/p/k1Vq/gesturedrawing
Quickposes: https://quickposes.com/en/desktop-app
Posemaniacs: https://www.posemaniacs.com/tools/thirtyseconds
Animation reference:
https://setteidreams.net/settei/
https://www.sakugabooru.com/post
Glenn Vilppu:
https://tv.creativetalentnetwork.com/axChannel.php?id=58
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV145411A7CV/
Craig Mullins Sijun Posts
https://archive.org/details/CraigMullinsSijunPosts
Recommended Books:
A redliner's advice
For the links in the above image, here's the thread: https://warosu.org/ic/thread/6809247#p6809772
/Mecha/ general op's advice
Tableguy's advice
Velleity Art's advice
Slowpoke's advice
Note: Slowpoke has done over 2000 master copies!
Yoga Anon's advice
If you need to download the images here, get the extension "Save as PNG" because for some reason HackMD only lets you save XML files
How to learn to draw, for beginners
Step 1: Get some momentum on the basics
Get Michael Hampton's book. Learn what gesture and form is. Learn your basic anatomy. Take 2-3 months to just do this, applying Michael Hampton's theories to photo references and master copies. It's also a good idea to directly copy the images in Hampton's book. Just take some time to understand what he's talking about. Don't get stuck on this step, because your "real" improvement will begin in the next stage. Even if you feel like you don't fully understand Hampton yet, move on anyways.
I also recommend reading Steve Huston's book: "Figure drawing for Artists". Robert Beverly Hale's "Drawing lessons from the great masters" is also good, but it's difficult to apply (as it's mostly text) and he himself has some very extreme takes on things, like memorizing the entire skeleton (which isn't necessary). John Buscema's "How to draw comics the marvel way" is also great.
Maximum time: 3 months
Step 2: Master copies
This is where the bulk of your learning takes place. At this stage, you're going to get your favorite artist's work and copy them every single day, for hours. Just paper and pencil is fine, and just copy the linework, not the shading yet. The reason I wanted you to speedrun Michael Hampton's work is because I want you to do master copies asap. Master copies are HOW you truly internalize what you learned from Hampton, Huston, Hale. You will only finally understand the principles of form and gesture HERE by doing master copies. If you spend too much time on Hampton, without applying them to master copies, you will plateau and not see much progress.
Watch the David Finch study streams at the top of this page. That is how I want you to do these master copies. Copy the reference, then put away the reference and your drawing, and redraw it from memory. This is how you translate your copies into imagination work.
BE ACCURATE when you do master copies. Copy it point by point, line by line, if you have to. The effort you put into copying something accurately directly translates to how much you improve. If you are working digitally, you could even take the pain of overlaying your drawing over the reference image, to see how accurate you were.
Focus on figure drawing and anatomy for the bulk of this time. Learning to draw characters is most difficult. Begin an extensive manga / comic / artbook collection so you have a lot of art that you can study. When you get comfortable with this, begin copying line weight, hatching techniques, background elements, etc. Take some of these copies to a finish, and do some copies where you only capture the basic shapes. It's up to you.
Take one week to focus on learning how to draw a single subject. Do one week for heads, one week for hands, one week for torso. Focused practice like this will result in faster improvement.
To give you an idea of how much work it takes to learn to draw, Rad Sechrist said that you have to do master copies for 4 hours a day, for 4 years straight, in order to become a professional artist. That number seems about right in my experience. Fortunately, master copies are a very pleasant and relaxing way to practice. Indulge in your favorite type of art, don't copy Michelangelo just because Vilppu told you to. Copy what you want.
If at this stage you feel like you want to review Hampton a bit, that's fine. Just make sure you keep doing your master copies the bulk of the time.
You should be doing master copies instead of copying photo reference because it's a lot easier to copy art. You'll learn more per minute of study, and you'll develop a good sense for design.
Feel free to spend 6 months to a year doing just this, before moving onto Step 3. On the other hand, you could start Step 3 right now, along with your master copies.
Edit: If you have no artists you particularly want to study, or if you just want to regain a solid understanding of the human body, just copy Bridgman, Morpho, Hogarth, or TACO anatomy books. Any anatomy book, really, just copy the images, then immediately redraw from memory. Capeshit comics are great for muscles too. I like Mike Mignola and Yusuke Murata.
Step 3: Imagination work + Visual Libary
Start making finished art. Draw from imagination and apply what you learned from Master copies. Find references for objects that you want to include in your finished work. This is how you build your visual library: by finding references and incorporating them into your art.
Start a portfolio of finished work. This is your gateway to becoming a professional artist. If you don't have a body of work, you have a lot to catch up on if you want to begin a career.
KEEP DOING YOUR MASTER COPIES. Don't stop! Begin each day with 1-2 hours of master copies. You don't have to keep reviewing your Michael Hampton, but if you need to review your anatomy, please do.
At some point, learn perspective. You need it for backgrounds and hard objects. It's also a good idea to start doing some life drawing, but it's literally impossible to draw figures from life / photos properly until you have a strong foundation of master copies under your belt, so focus on studying figures through master copies at first.
When you feel like you have a good foundation of master copies (1-3 years experience of master copies), feel free to study from photo references as well. However, most artists will continue to do master copies for the rest of their life, and they end up doing a combination of both master copies and life drawing.
Start learning shading and color too. Master copies are the best way to do this. I also really enjoy the Christophe Young painting tutorials from earlier. Loomis books are great for realistic painting. Copy old master paintings and such if you'd like.
You can begin "step 3" as soon as you wish, even right from Day 1. I just divided this roadmap into 3 steps for clarity.
Conclusion
The 3 steps above are an arbitrary division. Begin your master copies alongside your fundamentals study, and begin making finished art alongside your master copies. There's no real division, because making master copies IS fundamentals study, and making finished art IS a way of studying your favorite artists. They're all interconnected.
If I had to weigh master copies against drawing from imagination, I'd say that master copies are definitely more important. This is because we humans only grow through "input". We become capable of doing more than we previously could by taking in knowledge from the world and encoding them into our brains. If all you ever do is draw from imagination, you're leaving it up to random chance that you'll improve.
You don't HAVE to copy something exactly to improve, by the way. Kim Jung Gi's recommended method of study is to observe something in the real world, then to draw it from various angles from memory. That is a form of "input". Boichi said in a video that he didn't have the time to set aside to practice drawing while creating a serialized manga, and that the way he still improved was by having photo references up while drawing his own manga pages. He talked about buying the Vagabond manga ebook and having it up on a second monitor, and he'd look up and incorporate hatching techniques from Vagabond into Dr. Stone. That too is another form of "input".
I think it's possible to improve by never doing master copies, and by only drawing from life and photos, but your progress will definitely be slower. Copying a line drawing is much easier than copying a photo, and master copies will teach you shape design and aesthetics that you can't get from life. If you're still not convinced, at least try out master copies for a while and feel the difference for yourself. By the way, this has always been true for as long as people have learned art. In the 19th century, French schools would send their best students to Rome for the sole purpose of studying the Italian masters. (Michelangelo, Raphael, etc.) Even for realistic styles, master copies are important.
If there is a specfic art job you're aiming for, like concept art or comic books, make sure to do your research. This guide is literally just the bare minimum roadmap you need to make progress fairly rapidly. There are people who spin their wheels for 20 years and still suck, and the plan I laid out above is meant to keep that from happening to you. The most common mistake is getting stuck on step 1, and taking course after course for years, never taking the step to study their favorite artists for themselves and making their own body of portfolio pieces.
I don't recommend a lot of "grinding". Stuff like drawing pages of boxes and lines and ellipses and stuff, that stuff is useful at first, but you'll quickly plateau. There will come a point where you will be able to draw a perfect box, and if you just keep grinding boxes, you'll stop improving. In other words, those skills can be "exhausted". What's worse is that if you just do master copies and draw from life, you'll continue to improve in those "grindable" skills anyways. You'll get more precise and you'll understand perspective better just by drawing a lot, so in my view grinding that stuff is useless.
If you do insist on grinding boring drawing exercises like these, do the ones in the Vilppu drawing manual, because you can train your 3d and 2d sense at once. It's essential to at least be able to freehand boxes and ellipses. (you can't draw cyborg girls without these skills) Keep these as warmups, and when you're good at them, move on. Value scales are also good for controlling your medium if you're drawing traditionally. You may also wish to work through Scott Robertson if you plan on drawing lots of environments, vehicles, for a concept art career.
Q&A
Didn't Vilppu tell me to not copy?
Vilppu does more master copies than anyone. "Don't copy, analyze" is just a mantra he repeats to get students to think about form. Form is very important, as is anatomy. That's the foundation of drawing from imagination.
Life drawing class?
It's very useful and I think you should go to life drawing as much as you can afford to. Just make sure to pair it up with master copies at home, studies from Bridgman, Morpho, TACO, etc. to get the most gains out of it. Master copies teach you what to look for when drawing from life.
Don't worry too much if you can't do life drawing though. ;)
Shading? Painting?
I like Andrew Loomis' "Figure drawing for all it's worth" the best. It can be confusing, though, to know how what he teaches transfers over to painting from imagination, if you don't understand the relationship between shape and form. Loomis tells you to just "draw the contours of the halftones, core shadow, and reflected light" and form will take care of itself. When I read this as a beginner, I hated it, because I thought I would be stuck painting from reference for the rest of my life, but once you paint enough, you realize you can actually start reproducing those shapes you observed from memory.
It's the same thing as learning anatomy. You first learn anatomy by drawing the shapes you see from books or life, then you can eventually reproduce them from memory. This process speeds up though, if you regularly practice memory drawings. Memory drawings can be done on shadow shapes too. Refer to the image above, with the advice from the redliner.
Gesture drawing?
This can actually be a trap for beginners, because your proportions end up going wild. There's not enough accurate observation. I personally think the shortest amount of time you should be spending on a figure should be around 5-7 minutes, because that gives you enough time to be relatively accurate.
Gesture drawing was originally heavily emphasized by professional animators working at Disney, who wanted to take their animations to the next level. They were all already extremely good at drawing, and they just need to make their poses more lively. For that reason, the Walt Stanchfield and Michael Mattesi books are NOT good for beginners. Feel free to study them as you get more advanced.
I would not worry too much about practicing "being gestural". If you do enough master copies, and you're copying some artists with lively art, you will eventually get a feel for how to do it too. Kim Jung Gi never talked about gesture drawing, and he turned out fine.
Academic drawing?
I think this is actually a great thing to get into, provided you do memory drawings. Doing an extremely long and detailed master copy, plaster cast drawing, still life, spending several hours on this, then doing it from memory, is actually something that was practiced back in the 1800's in Paris. Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran was a teacher at the Ecole, and he wrote one of the most hardcore drawing books out there, imo. It's called "The Training of the Memory in Art", and you can find it on archive (dot) org. He starts you out with ridiculous exercises, like trying to draw an "exact, 7 inch, vertical line", by hand, but if you just read the book and take the thought process from it, you'll learn a lot.
It's always fascinating to look back at old artists and wonder how they were able to draw so well, but not only from reference, but from imagination. We're told by modern art teachers that academic drawing doesn't lead to drawing from imagination, but they way these guys did it, they COULD draw from imagination very well. The reason is that they not only did study anatomy, form, perspective, very deeply, but they also practiced memory drawing regularly.
Do I have to do memory drawings on EVERYTHING???
No, just do it on what you find important :). For example, I won't do memory drawings on how to draw a brick wall, because I'm pretty sure I can remember that easily.
The most important things to remember are the shapes and forms of the human body. You never want to forget how to construct a face, for example.
When you do memory drawings, don't be overly ambitious. If you try to draw too much at once you won't remember it all. Just take a small part, say, an arm or a leg, then copy + redraw.
Bonus: Learning Japanese
Guides:
https://learnjapanese.moe/routine/
https://animecards.site/learningjapanese/
https://www.reddit.com/r/visualnovels/wiki/gambsguide/
https://rentry.org/gitgud
https://www.antimoon.com/how/howtolearn.htm
Success Stories:
https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/l51r3d/my_500_day_journey_to_a_160180_n1_score_w_tips/
https://rentry.co/jazzy180
Ascended Guides:
https://gist.github.com/NekousagiKorou/422be363c84f5aee5b51e8ab98cba1ed
https://theonlyway.neocities.org/
Listening based guides:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTGwxYYu8He-OYfgudK0odx1_LsgGAPGy
https://youtu.be/3YTVX7J-zjI
Pitch Accent: https://youtu.be/I-dRbTnLmBY
Track immersion: https://xelieu.github.io/jp-lazy-guide/immersionDataSpreadsheet/
(Time to move to Japan to work as an animator/mangaka :D)
(The Western Art Industry is filled with corrupt executives who ruin shows and are rotting the landscape of Western art. There's no more hope for real creatives in America. Time to revolt against the system. Time to become Japanese.)
(Honestly though, lots of good drawing resources in Japanese. idk if it's worth it for you to spend 3000 hours learning another language just to get to these resources, however you can get to a good enough level where you can understand most of youtube and spoken language in 8-9 months, provided you study right)
These are the best resources I've ever seen on how to study drawing. I've seen too many bad tutorials / books / courses and I hope I can help you avoid wasting time on those too. I suggest you watch everything, but how you study will depend on your goals, so only do the exercises you think are most important for you. Studying art mostly comes down to studying reference, so you can take any of these exercises and modify them for your own goals. If one guy teaches you how to draw from life, remember that you can just take the same method and use it to copy master artwork, and vice versa.
Remember that if you study, you WILL improve.
David Finch Roadmap: (Beginners should do this)
https://davidfinchart.com/where-to-start-and-where-to-go-from-there-a-roadmap-to-professional-quality-art/
(basic guide for construction and anatomy)
Corresponding video: https://youtu.be/DMmsydblf7s
David Finch Study Streams: (the most highly recommended resource here)
Frank Frazetta: https://youtu.be/ZqJ2h4Jw5nU
Claire Wendling: https://youtu.be/7ukExmlSRWU
Simon Bisley: https://youtu.be/Z2CZKX089w0
Travis Charest: https://youtu.be/ko7H8FGwks8
Carlos Pacheco: https://youtu.be/jFkqUtJ4mRM
Kevin Nowlan: https://youtu.be/ni30Hp72aeY
Joe Quesada: https://youtu.be/atXd2HbHYO8
(Making master copies and drawing from memory)
Feng Zhu sketch studies:
Sketching 101: https://youtu.be/22XYoenU-0c
Just Draw!: https://youtu.be/WLqWX7onVmU
(importance of drawing from observation regularly)
Krenz Cushart: (turn on subtitles)
https://youtu.be/kbKqIJcIUCw
https://youtu.be/dgjx6y6B_G8
(importance of accuracy and master copies)
Jason Brubaker - memory drawing system
https://youtu.be/s_NuJIJ6wGY
https://youtu.be/G8e2DcN5kAo
(He calls it cognitive drawing.)
(This is an extremely effective and organized way to apply memory drawing and iterative correction. I highly recommend you try it.)
(If you are scared of memory drawings, I highly recommend you do this. This iterative method lets you apply memory drawings in a very painless and stressfree way, because you have multiple chances to fix your mistakes.)
Naoki Saito
How to copy art: https://youtu.be/B5QetP4aa8w
Fastest way to improve: https://youtu.be/8jsZGeaWkhE
This /asg/ guide is really good:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cK9q7oeFRE58MVaSgUql662iGqCXC8Ah/view
(importance of memory drawing)
KJG memory drawing:
https://youtu.be/yx6dbybn-rk
https://youtu.be/WKbQ4TPMkFc
https://youtu.be/-RFz2yFSBVc
(memory drawing and rotating objects from imagination)
Dave Rapoza on applying studies from memory:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4tttsdhn8o&t=733s
(repetitively studying the same subject + memory drawing)
Animator Beast's gesture drawing practice
https://youtu.be/yHJXLdCVD18
https://youtu.be/7y99O3wm4Cg?t=6003
(gesture drawing with accuracy)
(Clip Studio Paint EX can handle this easily, just import an mp4 into the animation timeline.)
Kirk Shinmoto:
Master Copy: https://youtu.be/YVAtRojlCS8
Master Copy 2: https://youtu.be/cF2UtfFT7y8
Anatomy Books: https://youtu.be/9pAMqgJXcbw
(approaching master copies with construction)
Ethan Becker Dragging Art over Reference:
https://youtu.be/RXb-Y_kz2aU
(learning to draw on model)
Will Terrell on how to build a Visual Library:
https://youtu.be/pOK2sDLtu2Q
Christophe Younge Painting tutorials
https://www.youtube.com/@christopheyoungart/videos
Painting studies:
Color Studies: https://youtu.be/1d577v_XBKA
Quick color studies: https://youtu.be/CVGZf5EQQK4
Ahmed Aldoori: https://youtu.be/3YXTlF4hzaE
Noah Bradley: https://youtu.be/kQfF-P70V2Q
Simplify drawing and painting: https://www.youtube.com/@SIMPLIFYDrawingandPainting/videos
Minimaru:
Hand & Feet practice: https://youtu.be/pDCL7s8JjDY
90 sec figures: https://youtu.be/d86hKJNehI8
Basic Proportions: https://youtu.be/avcygKfCoXQ
Basic Anatomy: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMzSsN13py1hIz1Q-s49LWF-IkKna9Swv
Hide Channel:
Croquis: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTY4AtphBe8NS7WFIMIhHIBJVk3xQvi-q
Recommended books: https://youtu.be/TBqEj3tKD6o
How to practice:
https://youtu.be/tMoubXBGloU
https://youtu.be/eCtLmBShSho
1st year: https://youtu.be/QgnLM73R8oM
(turn on cc. not all are translated, but draw along anyways!)
Manga Materials:
https://www.youtube.com/@mangamaterialsyoutube9454/videos
Important Fzd videos for concept art:
Ep 106: https://youtu.be/jRq9-QEz650 (Getting a job)
Misc
(Everything below this is just miscellaneous stuff that's interesting. Not all of it is necessarily about how to make studies.)
Zapata Perspective: https://youtu.be/_9tcy2436iM
Jeff Watts on the time it takes to learn drawing: https://youtu.be/KX0MrnzBJ8M
PSG Art tutorial: http://androidarts.com/art_tut.htm
Beast Animator's streams: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcZnl-xtyEqalCVkvhWr3FH8qp41QBJqF
Dan Thompson: https://www.youtube.com/@danthompsonfineart/videos
Don't practice: https://youtu.be/bFyxnYfZw2A
pikat on copying: https://youtu.be/xnAYY2EY0mw
Rad Sechrist: https://radhowto.blogspot.com/
Natalie Nourigat
Gesture drawing: https://youtu.be/Fa9CLiGhWr4
Comics Advice:
https://homeiswheretheinternetis.blogspot.com/2015/04/advice-for-aspiring-comics-artists-14-18.html
Feature animation storyboarding advice:
https://homeiswheretheinternetis.blogspot.com/2017/09/animation.html
Joe Kubert mail order dvd course:
Pencilling: https://youtu.be/Zt_j70hzSrE
Inking: https://youtu.be/sDc1b5qNSNI
YenYen Animation lectures:
https://youtu.be/JUO3wrCnOFk
https://youtu.be/O84C_11MUXM
Figure Drawing apps:
Gesture Drawing!: https://www.artstation.com/marketplace/p/k1Vq/gesturedrawing
Quickposes: https://quickposes.com/en/desktop-app
Posemaniacs: https://www.posemaniacs.com/tools/thirtyseconds
Animation reference:
https://setteidreams.net/settei/
https://www.sakugabooru.com/post
Glenn Vilppu:
https://tv.creativetalentnetwork.com/axChannel.php?id=58
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV145411A7CV/
Craig Mullins Sijun Posts
https://archive.org/details/CraigMullinsSijunPosts
Recommended Books:
A redliner's advice
For the links in the above image, here's the thread: https://warosu.org/ic/thread/6809247#p6809772
/Mecha/ general op's advice
Tableguy's advice
Velleity Art's advice
Slowpoke's advice
Note: Slowpoke has done over 2000 master copies!
Yoga Anon's advice
If you need to download the images here, get the extension "Save as PNG" because for some reason HackMD only lets you save XML files
How to learn to draw, for beginners
Step 1: Get some momentum on the basics
Get Michael Hampton's book. Learn what gesture and form is. Learn your basic anatomy. Take 2-3 months to just do this, applying Michael Hampton's theories to photo references and master copies. It's also a good idea to directly copy the images in Hampton's book. Just take some time to understand what he's talking about. Don't get stuck on this step, because your "real" improvement will begin in the next stage. Even if you feel like you don't fully understand Hampton yet, move on anyways.
I also recommend reading Steve Huston's book: "Figure drawing for Artists". Robert Beverly Hale's "Drawing lessons from the great masters" is also good, but it's difficult to apply (as it's mostly text) and he himself has some very extreme takes on things, like memorizing the entire skeleton (which isn't necessary). John Buscema's "How to draw comics the marvel way" is also great.
Maximum time: 3 months
Step 2: Master copies
This is where the bulk of your learning takes place. At this stage, you're going to get your favorite artist's work and copy them every single day, for hours. Just paper and pencil is fine, and just copy the linework, not the shading yet. The reason I wanted you to speedrun Michael Hampton's work is because I want you to do master copies asap. Master copies are HOW you truly internalize what you learned from Hampton, Huston, Hale. You will only finally understand the principles of form and gesture HERE by doing master copies. If you spend too much time on Hampton, without applying them to master copies, you will plateau and not see much progress.
Watch the David Finch study streams at the top of this page. That is how I want you to do these master copies. Copy the reference, then put away the reference and your drawing, and redraw it from memory. This is how you translate your copies into imagination work.
BE ACCURATE when you do master copies. Copy it point by point, line by line, if you have to. The effort you put into copying something accurately directly translates to how much you improve. If you are working digitally, you could even take the pain of overlaying your drawing over the reference image, to see how accurate you were.
Focus on figure drawing and anatomy for the bulk of this time. Learning to draw characters is most difficult. Begin an extensive manga / comic / artbook collection so you have a lot of art that you can study. When you get comfortable with this, begin copying line weight, hatching techniques, background elements, etc. Take some of these copies to a finish, and do some copies where you only capture the basic shapes. It's up to you.
Take one week to focus on learning how to draw a single subject. Do one week for heads, one week for hands, one week for torso. Focused practice like this will result in faster improvement.
To give you an idea of how much work it takes to learn to draw, Rad Sechrist said that you have to do master copies for 4 hours a day, for 4 years straight, in order to become a professional artist. That number seems about right in my experience. Fortunately, master copies are a very pleasant and relaxing way to practice. Indulge in your favorite type of art, don't copy Michelangelo just because Vilppu told you to. Copy what you want.
If at this stage you feel like you want to review Hampton a bit, that's fine. Just make sure you keep doing your master copies the bulk of the time.
You should be doing master copies instead of copying photo reference because it's a lot easier to copy art. You'll learn more per minute of study, and you'll develop a good sense for design.
Feel free to spend 6 months to a year doing just this, before moving onto Step 3. On the other hand, you could start Step 3 right now, along with your master copies.
Edit: If you have no artists you particularly want to study, or if you just want to regain a solid understanding of the human body, just copy Bridgman, Morpho, Hogarth, or TACO anatomy books. Any anatomy book, really, just copy the images, then immediately redraw from memory. Capeshit comics are great for muscles too. I like Mike Mignola and Yusuke Murata.
Step 3: Imagination work + Visual Libary
Start making finished art. Draw from imagination and apply what you learned from Master copies. Find references for objects that you want to include in your finished work. This is how you build your visual library: by finding references and incorporating them into your art.
Start a portfolio of finished work. This is your gateway to becoming a professional artist. If you don't have a body of work, you have a lot to catch up on if you want to begin a career.
KEEP DOING YOUR MASTER COPIES. Don't stop! Begin each day with 1-2 hours of master copies. You don't have to keep reviewing your Michael Hampton, but if you need to review your anatomy, please do.
At some point, learn perspective. You need it for backgrounds and hard objects. It's also a good idea to start doing some life drawing, but it's literally impossible to draw figures from life / photos properly until you have a strong foundation of master copies under your belt, so focus on studying figures through master copies at first.
When you feel like you have a good foundation of master copies (1-3 years experience of master copies), feel free to study from photo references as well. However, most artists will continue to do master copies for the rest of their life, and they end up doing a combination of both master copies and life drawing.
Start learning shading and color too. Master copies are the best way to do this. I also really enjoy the Christophe Young painting tutorials from earlier. Loomis books are great for realistic painting. Copy old master paintings and such if you'd like.
You can begin "step 3" as soon as you wish, even right from Day 1. I just divided this roadmap into 3 steps for clarity.
Conclusion
The 3 steps above are an arbitrary division. Begin your master copies alongside your fundamentals study, and begin making finished art alongside your master copies. There's no real division, because making master copies IS fundamentals study, and making finished art IS a way of studying your favorite artists. They're all interconnected.
If I had to weigh master copies against drawing from imagination, I'd say that master copies are definitely more important. This is because we humans only grow through "input". We become capable of doing more than we previously could by taking in knowledge from the world and encoding them into our brains. If all you ever do is draw from imagination, you're leaving it up to random chance that you'll improve.
You don't HAVE to copy something exactly to improve, by the way. Kim Jung Gi's recommended method of study is to observe something in the real world, then to draw it from various angles from memory. That is a form of "input". Boichi said in a video that he didn't have the time to set aside to practice drawing while creating a serialized manga, and that the way he still improved was by having photo references up while drawing his own manga pages. He talked about buying the Vagabond manga ebook and having it up on a second monitor, and he'd look up and incorporate hatching techniques from Vagabond into Dr. Stone. That too is another form of "input".
I think it's possible to improve by never doing master copies, and by only drawing from life and photos, but your progress will definitely be slower. Copying a line drawing is much easier than copying a photo, and master copies will teach you shape design and aesthetics that you can't get from life. If you're still not convinced, at least try out master copies for a while and feel the difference for yourself. By the way, this has always been true for as long as people have learned art. In the 19th century, French schools would send their best students to Rome for the sole purpose of studying the Italian masters. (Michelangelo, Raphael, etc.) Even for realistic styles, master copies are important.
If there is a specfic art job you're aiming for, like concept art or comic books, make sure to do your research. This guide is literally just the bare minimum roadmap you need to make progress fairly rapidly. There are people who spin their wheels for 20 years and still suck, and the plan I laid out above is meant to keep that from happening to you. The most common mistake is getting stuck on step 1, and taking course after course for years, never taking the step to study their favorite artists for themselves and making their own body of portfolio pieces.
I don't recommend a lot of "grinding". Stuff like drawing pages of boxes and lines and ellipses and stuff, that stuff is useful at first, but you'll quickly plateau. There will come a point where you will be able to draw a perfect box, and if you just keep grinding boxes, you'll stop improving. In other words, those skills can be "exhausted". What's worse is that if you just do master copies and draw from life, you'll continue to improve in those "grindable" skills anyways. You'll get more precise and you'll understand perspective better just by drawing a lot, so in my view grinding that stuff is useless.
If you do insist on grinding boring drawing exercises like these, do the ones in the Vilppu drawing manual, because you can train your 3d and 2d sense at once. It's essential to at least be able to freehand boxes and ellipses. (you can't draw cyborg girls without these skills) Keep these as warmups, and when you're good at them, move on. Value scales are also good for controlling your medium if you're drawing traditionally. You may also wish to work through Scott Robertson if you plan on drawing lots of environments, vehicles, for a concept art career.
Q&A
Didn't Vilppu tell me to not copy?
Vilppu does more master copies than anyone. "Don't copy, analyze" is just a mantra he repeats to get students to think about form. Form is very important, as is anatomy. That's the foundation of drawing from imagination.
Life drawing class?
It's very useful and I think you should go to life drawing as much as you can afford to. Just make sure to pair it up with master copies at home, studies from Bridgman, Morpho, TACO, etc. to get the most gains out of it. Master copies teach you what to look for when drawing from life.
Don't worry too much if you can't do life drawing though. ;)
Shading? Painting?
I like Andrew Loomis' "Figure drawing for all it's worth" the best. It can be confusing, though, to know how what he teaches transfers over to painting from imagination, if you don't understand the relationship between shape and form. Loomis tells you to just "draw the contours of the halftones, core shadow, and reflected light" and form will take care of itself. When I read this as a beginner, I hated it, because I thought I would be stuck painting from reference for the rest of my life, but once you paint enough, you realize you can actually start reproducing those shapes you observed from memory.
It's the same thing as learning anatomy. You first learn anatomy by drawing the shapes you see from books or life, then you can eventually reproduce them from memory. This process speeds up though, if you regularly practice memory drawings. Memory drawings can be done on shadow shapes too. Refer to the image above, with the advice from the redliner.
Gesture drawing?
This can actually be a trap for beginners, because your proportions end up going wild. There's not enough accurate observation. I personally think the shortest amount of time you should be spending on a figure should be around 5-7 minutes, because that gives you enough time to be relatively accurate.
Gesture drawing was originally heavily emphasized by professional animators working at Disney, who wanted to take their animations to the next level. They were all already extremely good at drawing, and they just need to make their poses more lively. For that reason, the Walt Stanchfield and Michael Mattesi books are NOT good for beginners. Feel free to study them as you get more advanced.
I would not worry too much about practicing "being gestural". If you do enough master copies, and you're copying some artists with lively art, you will eventually get a feel for how to do it too. Kim Jung Gi never talked about gesture drawing, and he turned out fine.
Academic drawing?
I think this is actually a great thing to get into, provided you do memory drawings. Doing an extremely long and detailed master copy, plaster cast drawing, still life, spending several hours on this, then doing it from memory, is actually something that was practiced back in the 1800's in Paris. Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran was a teacher at the Ecole, and he wrote one of the most hardcore drawing books out there, imo. It's called "The Training of the Memory in Art", and you can find it on archive (dot) org. He starts you out with ridiculous exercises, like trying to draw an "exact, 7 inch, vertical line", by hand, but if you just read the book and take the thought process from it, you'll learn a lot.
It's always fascinating to look back at old artists and wonder how they were able to draw so well, but not only from reference, but from imagination. We're told by modern art teachers that academic drawing doesn't lead to drawing from imagination, but they way these guys did it, they COULD draw from imagination very well. The reason is that they not only did study anatomy, form, perspective, very deeply, but they also practiced memory drawing regularly.
Do I have to do memory drawings on EVERYTHING???
No, just do it on what you find important :). For example, I won't do memory drawings on how to draw a brick wall, because I'm pretty sure I can remember that easily.
The most important things to remember are the shapes and forms of the human body. You never want to forget how to construct a face, for example.
When you do memory drawings, don't be overly ambitious. If you try to draw too much at once you won't remember it all. Just take a small part, say, an arm or a leg, then copy + redraw.
Bonus: Learning Japanese
Guides:
https://learnjapanese.moe/routine/
https://animecards.site/learningjapanese/
https://www.reddit.com/r/visualnovels/wiki/gambsguide/
https://rentry.org/gitgud
https://www.antimoon.com/how/howtolearn.htm
Success Stories:
https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/l51r3d/my_500_day_journey_to_a_160180_n1_score_w_tips/
https://rentry.co/jazzy180
Ascended Guides:
https://gist.github.com/NekousagiKorou/422be363c84f5aee5b51e8ab98cba1ed
https://theonlyway.neocities.org/
Listening based guides:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTGwxYYu8He-OYfgudK0odx1_LsgGAPGy
https://youtu.be/3YTVX7J-zjI
Pitch Accent: https://youtu.be/I-dRbTnLmBY
Track immersion: https://xelieu.github.io/jp-lazy-guide/immersionDataSpreadsheet/
(Time to move to Japan to work as an animator/mangaka :D)
(The Western Art Industry is filled with corrupt executives who ruin shows and are rotting the landscape of Western art. There's no more hope for real creatives in America. Time to revolt against the system. Time to become Japanese.)
(Honestly though, lots of good drawing resources in Japanese. idk if it's worth it for you to spend 3000 hours learning another language just to get to these resources, however you can get to a good enough level where you can understand most of youtube and spoken language in 8-9 months, provided you study right)